Что такое операция Мармара2,4-Dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP or simply DNP) is a natural compound with the formula HOC6H3(NO2)2. It is a yellow, crystalline strong that has a sweet, musty odor. It sublimes, is unpredictable with steam, and is soluble in a lot of organic solvents in addition to liquid alkaline services. When in a dry type, it is a high dynamite and has an instantaneous surge danger. It is a precursor to other chemicals and is biochemically active, preventing adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production in cells with mitochondria.Commercially, DNP is used as an antibacterial and as a non-selective bioaccumulating pesticide. DNP is particularly helpful as a herbicide together with other thoroughly related dinitrophenol herbicides like 2,4-dinitro-o-cresol (DNOC), dinoseb and dinoterb. Given that 1998 DNP was withdrawn from farming use. Presently, there are no actively registered pesticides including DNP in US or Europe. It is a chemical intermediate in the production of sulfur dyes, wood preservatives and picric acid. DNP has likewise been utilized to make photographic developers and dynamites. DNP is classified as a dynamite in the UK and USA. In living cells, DNP functions as a proton ionophore, an agent that can shuttle protons (hydrogen cations) across biological membranes. It dissipates the proton gradient throughout mitochondria and chloroplast membranes, collapsing the proton motive force that the cell uses to produce most of its ATP chemical energy. Instead of producing ATP, the energy of the proton gradient is lost as heat. DNP acts as a protonophore, permitting protons to leakage across the inner mitochondrial membrane and thus bypass ATP synthase. This makes ATP energy production less effective. In effect, part of the energy that is typically produced from cellular respiration is squandered as heat. The ineffectiveness is proportional to the dose of DNP that is taken. As the dosage boosts and energy production is made more inefficient, metabolic rate boosts (and more fat is burned) in order to compensate for the insufficiency and to meet energy demands. DNP is most likely the very best comprehended agent for uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation. The "phosphorylation" of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) by ATP synthase gets disconnected or "uncoupled" from oxidation. "Dinitrophenol uncouples oxidative phosphorylation, triggers release of calcium from mitochondrial shops and prevents calcium re-uptake. This causes totally free intracellular calcium and sets off muscle contraction and hyperthermia. Dantrolene avoids calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum which lessens intracellular calcium. The resulting muscle relaxation allows heat dissipation. There is little danger to dantrolene administration. Since dantrolene may work in minimizing hyperthermia brought on by representatives that inhibit oxidative phosphorylation, early administration might enhance outcome. DNP was extensively made use of in explosive mixtures around the world. Shellite in the UK, Tridite in the United States, Tridita in Spain, MDPC/DD in France, MABT/MBT in Italy, and DNP in the USSR. Nowadays, DNP is offered mainly online under a number of various names such as 'DNP', 'Dinosan', 'Dnoc', 'Solfo Black', 'Nitrophen', 'Aldifen' and 'Chemox'. The chemical is a yellow crystalline powder that has a sweet, moldy smell and is soluble in water. The dose of DNP per tablet varies from website to website however it is most frequently provided as either 100- or 200-mg tablets. Some internet websites have DNP offered in bulk quantities, allowing users to buy kgs of DNP powder or hundreds/thousands of DNP-containing tablets. DNP has really been used for over a century, at first in the manufacture of munitions, due to its explosive domestic or industrial homes. From the 1930s onwards, there has in fact been interest in its houses to increase the underlying metabolic rate, resulting in an associated weight-loss. It appears that there has actually been increasing interest and schedule of DNP-containing products on the internet. https://www.buydnponline.cc |